The Constitutional Monarchy of Italy had been under control of the Italian Fascist Party beginning in 1922 with Mussolini as Prime Minister and headed by King Victor Emmanuel III. During the war allied forces pushed the Italians out of Africa and Sicily, eventually the King had Mussolini arrested and signed an armistice with the allies. German paratroopers were able to free Mussolini and created the Italian Social Republic, with Mussolini at it's head, which ruled central and northern Italy. The two areas engaged in a Civil War between southern Italy controlled by the Kingdom of Italy aided by allied troops and the rest of Italy under the RSI (Repubblica Sociale Italiana) aided by Germany until 1945, when Mussolini was killed and their German allies capitulated ending the war. In 1946 a referendum was held to dissolve the monarchy and create the current Italian Republic.

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